To a nonmathematician, having the letter “i” represent a number that does not quite exist and is “imaginary” can be hard to wrap your head around. If you open your mind to this way of thinking, ...

Bicomplex analysis, an extension of traditional complex analysis, investigates functions defined on bicomplex numbers – entities formed by a pair of complex units. This framework enriches classical ...

Mathematicians were disturbed, centuries ago, to find that calculating the properties of certain curves demanded the seemingly impossible: numbers that, when multiplied by themselves, turn negative.