In today’s industrial automation applications, complex control systems replace human operators to handle different machines and processes. The term “automation” hints that the systems have to be smart ...

Understanding the feed-forward mechanism is required in order to create a neural network that solves difficult practical problems such as predicting the result of a football game or the movement of a ...

Here is a simple frequency doubler circuit that produces a square wave output with a precise 50 percent duty cycle. There are similar circuits in the literature [References 1, 2, 3] which require ...