Digital Signal Processing (DSP) was, a few decades ago, a relatively obscure field associated with the mathematics of numerical analysis. As computers have become cheaper and faster, it is now ...

Sigma-delta converters are in wide use among applications that demand high precision and accuracy. A variant of the sigma-delta architecture, called the continuous-time sigma delta (CT-S?), has found ...

At each sampling time instant, one observes system output and action to form discrete-time rewards. The sampled input-output data are collected along the trajectory of the dynamical system in ...

Researchers demonstrate a novel method for transforming continuous time crystals into discrete ones using subharmonic injection locking, offering new insights into symmetry breaking and control in ...