In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

Operational amplifiers — or op amps, as you probably call them — have long been a key building block in analog circuits. It’s true even in our digital age as op amps are tapped to handle useful ...

In systems with multiple supply voltages, operational amplifier power supplies must be established simultaneously with, or before, any input signals are applied. If this doesn’t happen, overvoltage ...

A subject rarely found in circuit design textbooks is the matter of nonlinear junction capacitance, especially reverse-bias junction capacitance, also called depletion capacitance. When it is ...

If you’re designing a linear circuit of any kind today, it most likely involves an op amp and even an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The op amp is your go-to device simply because it can be ...